Toki - Revision history

Evobi admin at 13:51, 24 March 2025

2025-03-24T13:51:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:21, 24 March 2025
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	= Hardware Overview =		= Hardware Overview =
	[[File:Toki labelled.png\|frameless\|~~478x478px~~]]		[[File:Toki-labelled.png\|frameless\|580x580px]]

	== Processor - RISC-V Architecture ==		== Processor - RISC-V Architecture ==

Evobi admin at 13:46, 24 March 2025

2025-03-24T13:46:43Z

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	= Hardware Overview =		= Hardware Overview =
	[[File:Toki labelled.png~~\|center~~\|frameless\|~~570x570px~~]]		[[File:Toki labelled.png\|frameless\|478x478px]]

	== Processor - RISC-V Architecture ==		== Processor - RISC-V Architecture ==

Evobi admin at 13:45, 24 March 2025

2025-03-24T13:45:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:15, 24 March 2025
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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =
			[[File:Toki .png\|right\|frameless\|430x430px]]
	Toki is a development board developed by [[Yudu Robotics]], based on a [[wikipedia:32-bit_computing\|32-bit]] [[wikipedia:RISC-V\|RISC-V]] [[wikipedia:Microcontroller\|microcontroller]] operating at 64 MHz with [[wikipedia:Bluetooth_Low_Energy\|Bluetooth Low Energy]] (BLE) for wireless programming. It provides 24 [[wikipedia:General-purpose_input/output\|GPIO]] pins, a 12-bit [[wikipedia:Analog-to-digital_converter\|ADC]], 512 KB [[wikipedia:Flash_memory\|FlashROM]], 26 KB [[wikipedia:Static_random-access_memory\|SRAM]], and an H-bridge motor driver, with programming supported via the PLODE environment. The board is intended for use in robotics, automation, and embedded systems, and is comparable to platforms such as [[wikipedia:Arduino\|Arduino]] and [[wikipedia:Micro_Bit\|Micro:bit.]]		Toki is a development board developed by [[Yudu Robotics]], based on a [[wikipedia:32-bit_computing\|32-bit]] [[wikipedia:RISC-V\|RISC-V]] [[wikipedia:Microcontroller\|microcontroller]] operating at 64 MHz with [[wikipedia:Bluetooth_Low_Energy\|Bluetooth Low Energy]] (BLE) for wireless programming. It provides 24 [[wikipedia:General-purpose_input/output\|GPIO]] pins, a 12-bit [[wikipedia:Analog-to-digital_converter\|ADC]], 512 KB [[wikipedia:Flash_memory\|FlashROM]], 26 KB [[wikipedia:Static_random-access_memory\|SRAM]], and an H-bridge motor driver, with programming supported via the PLODE environment. The board is intended for use in robotics, automation, and embedded systems, and is comparable to platforms such as [[wikipedia:Arduino\|Arduino]] and [[wikipedia:Micro_Bit\|Micro:bit.]]


	= History =		= History =
	Toki was created by Yudu Robotics as an [[wikipedia:Open_source\|open-source]] RISC-V-based development board, intended as an alternative to [[wikipedia:AVR_microcontrollers\|AVR]] and [[wikipedia:Arm_Holdings\|ARM]]-based platforms. According to Yudu Robotics, it integrates wireless programming via BLE, motor control, and sensor [[wikipedia:Interface_(computing)\|interfacing]] in a compact form factor. The board includes built-in Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), an onboard motor driver, servo connectors, and [[wikipedia:Field-effect_transistor\|FET]]-driven outputs, enabling actuator control without additional hardware.		Toki was created by Yudu Robotics as an [[wikipedia:Open_source\|open-source]] RISC-V-based development board, intended as an alternative to [[wikipedia:AVR_microcontrollers\|AVR]] and [[wikipedia:Arm_Holdings\|ARM]]-based platforms. According to Yudu Robotics, it integrates wireless programming via BLE, motor control, and sensor [[wikipedia:Interface_(computing)\|interfacing]] in a compact form factor. The board includes built-in Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), an onboard motor driver, servo connectors, and [[wikipedia:Field-effect_transistor\|FET]]-driven outputs, enabling actuator control without additional hardware.


	= Hardware Overview =		= Hardware Overview =
			[[File:Toki labelled.png\|center\|frameless\|570x570px]]

	== Processor - RISC-V Architecture ==		== Processor - RISC-V Architecture ==
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	Example: PLODE Code:		Example: PLODE Code:

			[[File:Plode code example.png\|frameless\|477x477px]]

	= Applications =		= Applications =
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	= Comparison with Other Development Boards =		= Comparison with Other Development Boards =
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|'''Feature'''		!'''Feature'''
	\|'''Toki'''		!'''Toki'''
	\|'''Arduino Uno('''ATmega328P)		!'''Arduino Uno('''ATmega328P)
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Processor'''		\|'''<small>Processor</small>'''
	\|32-bit RISC-V, 64 MHz		\|32-bit RISC-V, 64 MHz
	\|8-bit AVR, 16 MHz		\|8-bit AVR, 16 MHz
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Wireless Programming'''		\|'''<small>Wireless Programming</small>'''
	\|Yes (BLE)		\|Yes (BLE)
	\|No (requires module)		\|No (requires module)
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Integrated Motor Driver'''		\|'''<small>Integrated Motor Driver</small>'''
	\|Yes		\|Yes
	\|No (requires shield)		\|No (requires shield)
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''IR Receiver'''		\|'''<small>IR Receiver</small>'''
	\|Yes		\|Yes
	\|No (requires module)		\|No (requires module)
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Servo Ports'''		\|'''<small>Servo Ports</small>'''
	\|Yes (2 dedicated)		\|Yes (2 dedicated)
	\|No (uses PWM pins)		\|No (uses PWM pins)
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Analog Inputs'''		\|'''<small>Analog Inputs</small>'''
	\|12-bit ADC, 12 channels		\|12-bit ADC, 12 channels
	\|10-bit ADC, 6 channels		\|10-bit ADC, 6 channels
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''GPIO Pins'''		\|'''<small>GPIO Pins</small>'''
	\|24 total, 18 usable		\|24 total, 18 usable
	\|14 digital, 6 analog		\|14 digital, 6 analog
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Power Options'''		\|'''<small>Power Options</small>'''
	\|USB-C, AA Battery		\|USB-C, AA Battery
	\|USB-B, Barrel Jack		\|USB-B, Barrel Jack
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Price'''		\|'''<small>Price</small>'''
	\|$7.69		\|$7.69
	\|$26.3		\|$26.3
	\|
	\|}		\|}

Evobi admin: Created page with "= Introduction = Toki is a development board developed by Yudu Robotics, based on a 32-bit RISC-V microcontroller operating at 64 MHz with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for wireless programming. It provides 24 GPIO pins, a 12-bit ADC, 512 KB wikipedia:Flash_memory|Flash..."

2025-03-24T13:33:17Z

Created page with "= Introduction = Toki is a development board developed by Yudu Robotics, based on a 32-bit RISC-V microcontroller operating at 64 MHz with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for wireless programming. It provides 24 GPIO pins, a 12-bit ADC, 512 KB wikipedia:Flash_memory|Flash..."

New page

= Introduction =
Toki is a development board developed by [[Yudu Robotics]], based on a [[wikipedia:32-bit_computing|32-bit]] [[wikipedia:RISC-V|RISC-V]] [[wikipedia:Microcontroller|microcontroller]] operating at 64 MHz with [[wikipedia:Bluetooth_Low_Energy|Bluetooth Low Energy]] (BLE) for wireless programming. It provides 24 [[wikipedia:General-purpose_input/output|GPIO]] pins, a 12-bit [[wikipedia:Analog-to-digital_converter|ADC]], 512 KB [[wikipedia:Flash_memory|FlashROM]], 26 KB [[wikipedia:Static_random-access_memory|SRAM]], and an H-bridge motor driver, with programming supported via the PLODE environment. The board is intended for use in robotics, automation, and embedded systems, and is comparable to platforms such as [[wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]] and [[wikipedia:Micro_Bit|Micro:bit.]]

= History =
Toki was created by Yudu Robotics as an [[wikipedia:Open_source|open-source]] RISC-V-based development board, intended as an alternative to [[wikipedia:AVR_microcontrollers|AVR]] and [[wikipedia:Arm_Holdings|ARM]]-based platforms. According to Yudu Robotics, it integrates wireless programming via BLE, motor control, and sensor [[wikipedia:Interface_(computing)|interfacing]] in a compact form factor. The board includes built-in Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), an onboard motor driver, servo connectors, and [[wikipedia:Field-effect_transistor|FET]]-driven outputs, enabling actuator control without additional hardware.

= Hardware Overview =

== Processor - RISC-V Architecture ==
Toki uses a 32-bit RISC-V microcontroller running at 64 MHz. RISC-V is an open-source [[wikipedia:Instruction_set_architecture|instruction set architecture (ISA)]] that differs from AVR and [[wikipedia:ARM_Cortex-M|ARM Cortex-M]] architectures by providing an open and customizable instruction set. As a development board, Toki allows modifications for research and specialized applications.

=== Clock Speed Comparison ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Board
!Clock Speed
|-
|Arduino Uno (AVR)
|16 MHz
|-
|Arduino Mega (AVR)
|16 MHz
|-
| Micro:bit V2 (ARM Cortex-M4)
|64 MHz
|-
|Toki (RISC-V)
|64 MHz
|}

== Memory & Storage ==

* 512 KB Flash ROM – Stores program code.
* 26 KB SRAM – Handles runtime operations.
* Endurance – Flash memory rated for 1 million write/erase cycles.

== Connectivity & Interfaces ==
Toki includes a range of I/O and communication options:

* Wireless Communication – Built-in Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for wireless programming and remote control.
* I/O Ports – 24 GPIO pins, of which 18 are available for general use, supporting analog, digital, and [[wikipedia:Pulse-width_modulation|PWM]] signals.
* Analog Inputs – 12-bit ADC with 12 channels for precise sensor readings.
* [[wikipedia:Consumer_IR|NEC]] [[wikipedia:Communication_protocol|Communication Protocols]] – Supports [[wikipedia:Serial_Peripheral_Interface|SPI]], [[wikipedia:I²C|I2C]], and [[wikipedia:Universal_asynchronous_receiver-transmitter|UART]]

== Power System ==

* Power Inputs – [[wikipedia:USB-C|USB-C]] (5V) or onboard AA battery holder (4.5V).
* [[wikipedia:H-bridge|H-Bridge]] [[wikipedia:Motor_controller|Motor Driver]] – Drives two motors (M1, M2) with a maximum output of 2.1A per channel.
* FET Outputs – Two high-current outputs (2A max) for inductive loads.

== Electrical Specifications ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Parameter
!Description
!Min
!Max
!Unit
|-
|Input Voltage
|USB or battery power supply
|4V
|5.5V
|V
|-
|GPIO Output Current
|Max current per GPIO pin
|–
|20mA
|mA
|-
|H-Bridge Load Current
|Max load per motor channel
|–
|2.1A
|A
|-
|FET Output Current
|Max load for FET output
|–
|2A
|A
|}

== Expansion & Control ==
Toki includes hardware expansion options for motion control, automation, and sensor interfacing:

* Servo Ports – Two dedicated ports for servo motor control.
* IR Receiver – Compatible with standard IR remote controllers.
* Analog Inputs – Two 3-wire input ports for sensors.
* GPIO Usage – 24 Total,18 general-purpose I/O pins available for interfacing.

= Software & Programming =

== PLODE – Wireless Programming Environment ==
Toki can be programmed wirelessly via PLODE, a BLE-based environment for mobile, or via [[wikipedia:USB#Cabling|USB cable]] for web-based coding.

== PLODE Features ==

* '''Cross-Platform Compatibility''' – Compatible with Android, iOS, and web platforms.
* '''Wireless Programming''' – Supports code uploads to Toki via BLE.
* '''Multi-Style Coding Options''' – PLODE provides block-based programming (comparable to Scratch) and text-based programming in Python or C++.
* '''Real-Time Debugging''' – Allows viewing sensor data and debugging during execution.

Example: PLODE Code:

= Applications =

== Robotics ==
'''Mobile Robots''' – Equipped with an H-Bridge motor driver for controlling motors.

'''Robotic Arms & Motion Control''' – Features two servo motor ports.

'''Remote-Controlled Vehicles''' – Includes an IR receiver and BLE for potential wireless control.

== Automation ==
'''Smart Home Control''' – Supports wireless relay activation, applicable to lighting or appliances.

'''Environmental Monitoring''' – Offers a 12-bit ADC for sensor integration in IoT projects.

'''Industrial Automation''' – Provides UART, I2C, and SPI interfaces for sensor connectivity.

== STEM & Education ==
'''Block-Based Programming''' – Supports a Scratch-like coding interface.

'''Embedded Systems Training''' – Compatible with C++ and Python programming.

'''Physical Computing''' – Includes features for motor, sensor, and wireless projects

= Market Adoption & Use Cases =
Toki is designed for applications in education, prototyping, and small-scale automation projects. Its integration of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and RISC-V architecture allows it to be used for microcontroller programming, wireless communication, and hardware development. The board has potential applications in STEM education programs and embedded systems training.

In addition to educational use, Toki can be utilized for prototyping IoT applications, motor control systems, and wireless sensor networks. Its compatibility with platforms such as Arduino and Micro:bit enables experimentation with embedded computing

= Comparison with Other Development Boards =
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Feature'''
|'''Toki'''
|'''Arduino Uno('''ATmega328P)
|
|-
|'''Processor'''
|32-bit RISC-V, 64 MHz
|8-bit AVR, 16 MHz
|
|-
|'''Wireless Programming'''
|Yes (BLE)
|No (requires module)
|
|-
|'''Integrated Motor Driver'''
|Yes
|No (requires shield)
|
|-
|'''IR Receiver'''
|Yes
|No (requires module)
|
|-
|'''Servo Ports'''
|Yes (2 dedicated)
|No (uses PWM pins)
|
|-
|'''Analog Inputs'''
|12-bit ADC, 12 channels
|10-bit ADC, 6 channels
|
|-
|'''GPIO Pins'''
|24 total, 18 usable
|14 digital, 6 analog
|
|-
|'''Power Options'''
|USB-C, AA Battery
|USB-B, Barrel Jack
|
|-
|'''Price'''
|$7.69
|$26.3
|
|}

= Limitations =
While Toki offers several features, it also has certain limitations.

* '''Lower Community Support''' – Unlike the Arduino Uno, which benefits from a large, established community with extensive libraries and tutorials, Toki, as a newer platform, has a smaller support network.
* '''Different Programming Ecosystem''' – Toki uses the PLODE environment for programming via USB or BLE, rather than the Arduino IDE, requiring developers to adopt a different toolset.
* '''Limited Expansion Shields''' – Arduino Uno supports a wide range of shields for functionalities such as Wi-Fi, motor control, and sensors. Toki includes built-in motor control and wireless programming but has fewer third-party expansion options.
* '''Compatibility with Existing Arduino Code''' – Many existing Arduino projects use AVR-based libraries and low-level functions that may not work directly on Toki without modification, requiring additional effort to port code.

= See Also =

* [[wikipedia:Arduino|Arduino]]
* [[wikipedia:Micro_Bit|Micro:bit]]
* [[wikipedia:RISC-V|RISC-V]]
* [[wikipedia:Embedded_system|Embedded Systems]]

= References =

# ''Micro:bit Educational Foundation.(n.d.). Official Micro:bit Website. Retrieved from https://microbit.org/''
# ''Höller, R., Haselberger, D., Ballek, D., Rössler, P., Krapfenbauer, M., & Linauer, M. (2019). Open-Source RISC-V Processor IP Cores for FPGAs — Overview and Evaluation. In 2019 8th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO) (pp. 1-6). Budva, Montenegro. doi: 10.1109/MECO.2019.8760205.''
# ''Yudu Robotics. (n.d.). Toki Development Board - Official Website. Retrieved from https://www.yudurobotics.com/home''
# ''Yudu Robotics. (n.d.). PLODE - Toki's Wireless Programming Environment. Retrieved from https://edu.plode.org''

= External Links =

* [https://riscv.org/ RISC-V Foundation website]
* [https://www.embeddedrelated.com/ Embedded Systems Educational Resources]
* [https://store.arduino.cc/products/arduino-uno-rev3/ Arduino Uno official webpage]